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== State in Nusantaran federation == |
== State in Nusantaran federation == |
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Revision as of 00:01, 31 October 2020
| Nusantara Federation Persekutuan Nusantara |
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| Motto: "Maralah Nusantara"
"Bhineka Tunggal Ika"(other motto) |
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| Anthem: "Nusantara Raya" "Greater Nusantara" |
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| Capital | Kuala lumpur (official and king resident)
Singapore (senate) Putrajaya (administrative and representative) | |||||
| Largest city | Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Patani,Tanah Sari, Lombok, Kuching,Palangka Raya, Bandar Seri Begawan,Aceh, Jambi, Dili, Makassar,Ambon, Kota Batu, Manilla,Manokwari, Jayapura, Champa,Moresby, Surabaya, Bandung,Medan, Semerang, Bekasi,Tangerang, Depok, Palembang,South Tangerang | |||||
| Official languages | Malay | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Over 700 languages | |||||
| Ethnic groups | Bumiputera,Chinese, Indians | |||||
| Religion | Islam (official) 62.5%, Christianity 31.0%, Buddhism 3.1%, Hinduism 1.6% others 1.8% |
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| Demonym | Nusataran | |||||
| Government | Unitary Elective constitutional monarchy Federal Parliamentary | |||||
| - | Yang Dipertuan Agong | Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Anwar Ibrahim | ||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||
| - | Upper house | Dewan Negara (House of Senate) | ||||
| - | Lower house | Dewan Rakyat(House of Representatives) | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2020 estimate |  439,288,093 (3th) |
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| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | 2,214,000,000,005.05 (8th) |
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| - | Per capita | 185,070 |
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| Currency | Nusantaran Dinar (NSD) | |||||
| Time zone | UTC+8 (NST) | |||||
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy | |||||
| Drives on the | left | |||||
| Calling code | +60 | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | NS | |||||
The Nusantara, commonly known as just Nusantara (literally "between islands" in Malay and "archipelago" in Javanese, IPA: [ˈnusəntɔrə]), and officially known as the Nusantara Federation (Malay: Persekutuan Nusantara, IPA: [ˈnusəntɔrə]), also known as the Federation of the Nusantara is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. Nusantara shares border with Thailand to the north and Vietnam to the northeast, and Australia to the west; The southernmost point of the continent Eurasia. Nusantara is one of the 17 countries with many endemic species.
History
Centuries before Europeans arrived, the Malay archipelago has various states, including commercially oriented coastal trading states and inland agrarian states.notably, Srivijaya Empire, Majapahit Empire,Pasai Sultanate and Malacca Sultanate, The first Europeans to arrive were the Portuguese in 1511 and Spanish in 1512 .in the years 1626 after Aceh under Iskandar Muda manage capture Malacca from Portuguese, Later Aceh it's Vassals, Brunei,allied visayans, Maguindanao and Ternate form an anti Spanish alliance and invaded Spanish East Indies despite of this Spanish managed hold the attack but lost part of its colony in East Indies, Brunei manage gain Mindoro and Sulu gain Zamboanga ,Maguindanao Central Visaya and Eastern Visaya given to Sultanate of Mindanao while remaining of Spanish East Indies under Spanish rule until The British came take over of its colony aftermath Napoleonic war.Following disruption of Dutch access to spices in Europe,the first Dutch expedition set sail for the East Indies in 1595 to access spices directly from Asia. When it made a 400% profit on its return, other Dutch expeditions soon followed. Recognising the potential of the East Indies trade, the Dutch government amalgamated the competing companies into the United East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC).The VOC was granted a charter to wage war, build fortresses, and make treaties across Asia.A capital was established in Batavia (now Jakarta), which became the center of the VOC's Asian trading network. To their original monopolies on nutmeg, peppers, cloves and cinnamon, the company and later colonial administrations introduced non-indigenous cash crops like coffee, tea, cacao, tobacco, rubber, sugar and opium, and safeguarded their commercial interests by taking over surrounding territory. Smuggling, the ongoing expense of war, corruption, and mismanagement led to bankruptcy by the end of the 18th century. The company was formally dissolved in 1800 and its colonial possessions in the Malay archipelago (including much of Java, parts of Sumatra, much of Maluku, and the hinterlands of ports such as Makasar, Manado, and Kupang) were nationalized under the Dutch Republic as the Dutch East Indies.
British Era
Before the late 19th century, the British largely practised a non-interventionist policy. Several factors such as the fluctuating supply of raw materials, and security, convinced the British to play a more active role in the Malay states.From the 17th to the early 19th century, few part of Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera and large part of Jawa was a Dutch possession. During the Napoleonic Wars, between 1811 and 1815, Malacca, like other Dutch holdings in Southeast Asia, was under the British. This was to prevent the French from controlling the former Dutch possessions in southeast Asia and Spanish East Indies.in Aftermath of Napoleonic war UK takes control of the Dutch East Indies and Spanish East Indies and,those marking beginning of British colonial era in East Indies The large population of lower class worker in it new Colony greatly increase the population and wealth of the Colony, and those making British Colony in Malaya and Southeast Asia become one of crown jewel of the British Empire, Later During the Opium Wars, Britains increased holdings in Asia lead to them taking an islands in Malay Archipelago.
World wars
The First World War did not affect East Indies directly, aside from a naval skirmish between the renegade German cruiser SMS Emden and the Russian cruiser Zhemchug off the coast of George Town, in what became known as the Battle of Penang and also British conquest Kaiser Wilhelm land,The Second World War however consumed the country. Japan invaded East Indies in 1941, as part of the coordinated attack that started at Pearl Harbor. whole British East Indies were under Japanese occupation from 1942 until 1945. Japan rewarded Siam for its co-operation during this period by giving it the state of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu. The rest of British East Indies admistrated by the Japanese. After Japan's surrender at the end of the Second World War, British East Indies were placed under British Military Administration and the British East Indies gain some part of South Thailand after peace treaty signed after the world war 2.
PETA uprising
16 September in PETA militias and armed civilians took up arms in the Streets of jakarta. Being staged just days after the Japanese formal surrender in World War 2, the rebels had expected to see token resistance from the demoralized Japanese armies.Officially, the Japanese were to surrender to the Allied Forces. Secretly they were to make it harder for the Allies to return to Nusantara.the remnant of imperial Japanese army were never willing to surrender to militant ramblings. By dawn, the many groups had been forced to disperse, the ones that managed to escape regrouped at Karawang in the East. However, most of them had been killed.lack of, is the main cause of this tragedy. It is understood that the PETA had tried to gain the support of Soekarno, one of main figurehead of Nusantara Independence movement. but failed, The surviving members of the rebels, including many PETA members, recruiting members and continuing the fight the British until 27 December 1947.
Communist insurgency
Commmunist insurgency of Nusantara started from 1948 until 1960 the conflict between The British later Nusantara Federation and the Communist Rebels NPA In June 1948 the communist wage a guirella war against the British rule Many of the Communist fighters who fought against British colonialism were former anti Japanese guirella fighters,(NPAJA)who had been trained and funded by the British years prior to fight against the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second World War. The majority of the support for the communist rebels came from the ethnic Chinese population,most of communist active in Malaya and part of Sumatra,Despite the war ending in 1960, the communist renewed the insurgency against the Nusantaran government in 1967. This second phase of the insurgency lasted until 1990.
Opposition formation of East Indies Union and independent
The Natives Population generally opposed the creation of the Union. The opposition was due to the methods of the British used to acquire the Sultans and the King's approval by threatened them with dethronement and accusations of collaboration, the reduction of the Sultans' powers, and easy granting of citizenship to immigrants and also British crackdown upon many pro independent political figure by false accusing them communist sympathizer,United Nusantara Alliance Organisation or UNAO, a political association formed by Dato' Onn bin Ja'afar on 1 March 1946 After the inauguration of the East Indies Union, the Natives, under UNAO continued opposing the East Indies Union. They utilised civil disobedience as a means of protest by refusing to attend the installation ceremonies of the British governors. They had also refused to participate in the meetings of the Advisory Councils, hence the Natives participation in the government bureaucracy and the political process had totally stopped. The British had recognised this problem and took measures to consider the opinions of Natives the in Nusantara before making amendments to the constitution. The East Indies Union was dissolved and replaced by the Nusantara Federation on 1 February 1948.On 31 August 1952, Nusantara became an independent Nation and member of the Commonwealth.
Politics and government
Nusantara is a unitary state under the constitutional monarchy. The Nusantara Constitution, adopted in 1949,few years after Nusantara Federation declared as independent state,is a legal framework governing the rulings of kings, rulers, legislators and bicameral councils. The King maintained the executive and legislative powers of the government and parliament.The head of state is Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commonly referred to as the King. The King is elected to a 3 years.The king exercises his powers through the government that he appoints for a three-year term, which is responsible before the parliament that is made up of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judiciary is independent according to the constitution The Prime Minister of Nusantara (Malay: Perdana Menteri Nusantara) is the head of government and the highest political office in Nusantara. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints Prime Minister as a Member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. The Prime Minister chairs the Cabinet of Nusantara, the de facto executive branch of government.
Air travel
NusaUdara
Nusa Udara Berhad (Jawi: نوسا اودارا, English: "Island Air S.A."), doing business and trade as NusaUdara (Jawi: نوساودارا) , and formerly and sometimes referred to as Nusantara Airlines (Malay: Penerbangan Nusantara), is the national flag-carrier of Nusantara.
| Continent | Cities | Total |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | Cairo • Tunis • Cape Town • Algiers | 4 |
| Asia | Instanbul • Yerevan • Baku• Hong Kong • Manama • Chennai • Tehran • Beirut • Seol • Tokyo | 10 |
| Oceania | Auckland • Christchurch • Darwin • Goldcost • Melbourne | 5 |
| Europe | Lisbon • Madrid • Barcelona • Paris • Dublin • Edinburgh • London • Brussels • Amsterdam • Frankfurt • Berlin • Bern • Vienna • Venice • Milan • Turin • Rome • Prague • Zagreb | 19 |
| North America | Toronto • Detroit • Calgary • New York • Los Angeles • Newark | 6 |
| South America | Buenos Aires • Rio | 2 |
State in Nusantaran federation
Administration in States
Nusantara is a federal country with 54 states and 7 Federal Territories, two The 33 Nusantaran states are led by a King as the head of state accompanied by an executive Chief Minister as the head of a politically responsible government. The Kings of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor,Jambi, Palembang, Banten, Medan, Mantaram, Pontianak, Banjar, Bulungan, Brunei, Kutai, Sulu, Maguindanao , Luwu, Makkasar, Tidore, Ternate and Terengganu,Bima,Siak, Landak and Aceh titled Sultan. Negeri Sembilan and Pagaruyung holds the sole title of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar, while the Perlis King is only hold the title of "Raja"(King). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the head of the federal state was elected among the kings for 3 years. States that have no sultan or king, Ghairibi,Malacca,Tondo, singgora, , Irian Jaya, Jayapura,West Irian Moresby,Timor,Champa, Krismas island,Bangka Belitung,Bali, Mindoro, Bicol,Visaya, Bakkara, Bengkulu,Keeling island,Selimbau and Sintang .each are headed by a Governor in the name of federal appointment, the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, accompanied by the Chief Minister as the head of government executive.Every state has an ekadewan legislative state, namely the State Legislative Assembly (DUN). State Assembly members are drawn from the constituency's constituency members. Chief Minister appoints the Head of State usually a majority of state-level party leaders. One term in the State Assembly is five years, but the rally was initially disbanded by the head of state on the advice of the Chief Minister. Generally, the DUN was dissolved in conjunction with the dissolution of the federal parliament, so that state elections were held simultaneously with parliamentary elections. However, the head of state holds the discretionary power to dissolve the DUN.Each state sent two representatives to the National Assembly, the federal parliamentary parliamentary council.As a federal state, Nusantara governance work is distributed between federal and state governments. Certain responsibilities of federal and state governments are listed in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of the Federation. In theory, any description not specified in the Ninth Schedule can be legislated at state level. However, law experts liken this to a so-called "pauper's bequest" scope of so extensive in the Ninth Schedule. The court generally prioritizes the broad interpretation of the contents of the Ninth Schedule, thus reducing the number of things that may not have been covered. The Ninth Schedule clearly lists the following which may be enacted by state law: land holdings, Islamic religion and local government.The Nusantara Parliament is permitted to enact land laws, Islamic religions and local governments to ensure uniformity of laws between all states, or at the request of the State Assembly. The law in question must also be approved by the State Legislative Assembly, except for a description of certain land laws. Non-Muslims on the scope of the state can also be drafted at the level of the convention for the purpose of complying with the constitution.
Economy
Nusantara operates a sophisticated market economy, which has so far discussed extensive trade trade. In addition to Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan, Nusantara is one of the Four Tigers. The economy relies heavily on exports and distillation of imported goods, particularly in manufacturing, which constitutes 26% of Nusantara's GDP in 2005, but is not forgotten as well as major contributions from the electronics sector, petroleum mills, chemicals, mechanical engineering and bio-sciences medicine. In 2006, Nusantara produced about 10% of the world wafer products. Nusantara is also fortunate to have one of the world's busiest ports and the world's fourth largest foreign exchange trading hub, behind London, New York and Tokyo. Nusantara is rated by the World Bank as a major logistics hub in the world. Nusantara is ranked among the ten most open, competitive, and innovative economies in the world. Expected to be the most business-friendly economy in the world, Nusantara welcomes hundreds of overseas expatriates working in multinational corporations, and employing hundreds more foreign workers. Production of crude oil and natural gas part of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Nusantara. Big enough income from overseas investments increases income from domestic production.Nusantara has a mixed economy in which both the private sector and government play vital roles.The country has the largest economy in Southeast Asia, is a member of the G20 Nusa Udara Berhad, doing business as NusaUdara (literally "island air" in Malay), is the national flag-carrier of Nusantara.
Culture
Nusantara has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the Persian, Arabic, and European cultures. Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities.
In 1971, the government created a "National Cultural Policy", defining Nusantara culture. It stated that Nusantaran culture must be based on the culture of the peoples of Nusantara, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it. It also promoted the Nusantaran culture and it's language above others. This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among non-Bumiputerans who feel their cultural freedom was lessened. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.
A craftsman making batik. batik is usually patterned with floral motifs with light colouring.
Nusantara is centrally-located along ancient trading routes between the Far East, South Asia and the Middle East, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Christianity, all strong in the major trading cities. The result is a complex cultural mixture very different from the original indigenous cultures. Examples of the fusion of Islam with Hinduism include Javanese Abangan belief, the fusion of Hinduism, Buddhism and animism in Bodha, and the fusion of Hinduism and animism in Kaharingan; others could be cited. Balinese dances have stories about ancient Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms Traditional Nusantaran art was mainly centred on the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing. Traditional art ranges from handwoven baskets from rural areas to the silverwork of the Malay courts. Common artworks included ornamental kris, beetle nut sets, and woven batik and songket fabrics. Indigenous East Nusantarans are known for their wooden masks.Each ethnic group have distinct performing arts, with little overlap between them. However, Malay art does show some North Indian influence due to the historical influence of India. Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the Kelantan-Pattani region with influences from India, China and Thailand. The music is based around percussion instruments,the most importan which is the gendang (drum). There are at least 14 types of traditional drums. Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials.Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest. It was once used as a form of long-distance communication. In East Nusantara, gong-based musical ensembles such as agung andwhich is the gendang (drum). There are at least 14 types of traditional drums. Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials.Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest. It was once used as a form of long-distance communication. In East Nusantara, gong-based musical ensembles such as agung and kulintang are commonly used in ceremonies such as funerals and weddings
Wau bulan, originally from Kelantan, is one of Nusantaran's fine arts
Nusantara has a strong oral tradition that has existed since before the arrival of writing, and continues today. Each of the Malay Sultanates created their own literary tradition, influenced by pre-existing oral stories and by the stories that came with Islam. The first Malay literature was in the Arabic script. The earliest known Malay writing is on the Terengganu stone, made in 1303. Chinese and Indian literature became common as the numbers of speakers increased in Nusantara, and locally produced works based in languages from those areas began to be produced in the 19th century.English has also become a common literary language. In 1971, the government took the step of defining the literature of different languages. Literature written in Malay was called "the national literature of Nusantara", literature in other bumiputera languages was called "regional literature", while literature in other languages was called "sectional literature".Malay poetry is highly developed, and uses many forms. The Hikayat form is popular, and the pantun has spread from Malay to other languages.
Cuisine
Nusantaran cuisine reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population. Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding regions have greatly influenced the cuisine. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese and Indian cultures, largely due to the country being part of the ancient spice route.The different states have varied dishes, and often the food in Nusantara is different from the original dishes.
Sometimes food not found in its original culture is assimilated into another; for example, Chinese restaurants in Nusantara often serve Malay dishes. Food from one culture is sometimes also cooked using styles taken from another culture, For example, sambal belacan (shrimp paste) are commonly used as ingredients by Chinese restaurants to the stir fried water spinach (kangkung belacan). This means that although much of Nusantaran food can be traced back to a certain culture, they have their own identity. Rice is popular in many dishes. Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy. Nusantara cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Nusantara and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population. The vast majority of Nusantara's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians. The remainder consists of the peoples of Kalimantan in East Nusantara, the people in Malaya peninsula, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates. As a result of historical migrations, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Nusantara's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, and Indian, with heavy to light influences from Thai and European cuis name a few. This resulted in a symphony of flavours, making Nusanraran cuisine highly complex and diverse.Because Peninsular of Malaya shares a common history with Sumatra, it is common to find versions of the same dish across both sides of the border regardless of place of origin, such as laksa and chicken rice. Also because of their proximity, historicines, to migrations and close ethnic and cultural kinship, Nusantara shares culinary ties with other Nusantaran province, as both provinces often share certain dishes, such as satay, rendang and sambal.Some popular dishes such as nasi goreng, gado-gado, sate, and soto are very common in the country and considered as national dishes. The Ministry of Tourism, however, chose tumpeng as the official national dish in 2014, describing it as binding the diversity of various culinary traditions. Another popular dishes include rendang, one of the many Padang cuisines along with dendeng and gulai. In 2017, rendang was chosen as the "World's Most Delicious Food" by the CNN Travel reader's choice.Another fermented food is oncom, similar in some ways to tempeh but uses a variety of bases (not only soy), created by a different fungi, and particularly popular in West Java.
Teh Tarik
Nasi Padang with rendang, gulai and vegetables
Alliances
Alliance with 
Ryukyu Union,Treaty of Jakarta signed on 28/1/019.
Alliance with 
Neo Prussia,Treaty of Singapore signed on 15/8/2019.
Alliance with 
Zarexium, Treaty of Kuala Lumpur 31/1/ 2020