Sultanate of Al Andalus

Sultanate of Al Andalus or Al Andalus is a sovereign state in Western Europe It is border with France and border with Morocco

History
During Caliph Umayyad Al-Walid I, commander of Tariq ibn-Ziyad led a small army landed in Gibraltar on April 30, 711, as if to intervene in the Visigothic civil war. After a decisive victory over King Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete on July 19, 711, Tariq ibn-Ziyad, accompanied by Arab governor Musa ibn Nusayr of Ifriqiya, led the Visigothic Government under Muslim occupation in a seven-year campaign. They cross the Pyrenees and occupy the Visigothic Septimania in southern France.The Iberian peninsula is part of the evolving Umayyad Empire, under the name of Andalus. It was proposed as a subordinate territory with Ifriqiya, so, for the first few decades, the governor of al-Andalus was appointed by emir Kairouan, instead of Caliph in Damascus. The regional capital has been set up in Córdoba, and the first entry of the Muslim settlers is widely distributed.Tariq's small army that led the early conquests mostly made up of Berber, while the Arab army, consisting largely of 12,000 troops accompanied by a group of mawālī (Arab, موالي), an Arab non-Muslim Arab consumer. The Berber army who accompanied Tariq was imprisoned in central and northern Peninsular, as well as in the Pyrenees, while Berber colonists who followed solved across parts of the country - north, east, south and west Visigoths who agreed to recognize Muslim power.

Province of the Umayyad Caliphate
During the caliphate of the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I, the commander Tariq ibn-Ziyad led a small force that landed at Gibraltar on April 30, 711, ostensibly to intervene in a Visigothic civil war. After a decisive victory over King Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete on July 19, 711, Tariq ibn-Ziyad, joined by Arab governor Musa ibn Nusayr of Ifriqiya, the Visigothic Kingdom under Muslim occupation in a seven-year campaign. They crossed the Pyrenees and occupied Visigothic Septimania in southern France. the Iberian peninsula became part of the expanding Umayyad Empire, under the name of al-Andalus. It was organized as a province subordinate to Ifriqiya, so, for the first few decades, the governors of al-Andalus were appointed by the emir of Kairouan, rather than the Caliph in Damascus. The regional capital was set at Córdoba, and the first influx of Muslim settlers was widely distributed. The small army Tariq led in the initial conquest consisted mostly of Berbers, while Musa's largely Arab force of over 12,000 soldiers was accompanied by a group of mawālī (Arabic,موالي), that is, non-Arab Muslims, who were clients of the Arabs. The Berber soldiers accompanying Tariq were garrisoned in the centre and the north of the peninsula, as well as in the Pyrenees,while the Berber colonists who followed settled in all parts of the country .Visigothic lords who agreed to recognize Muslim suzerainty were allowed to retain their fiefs (notably, in Murcia, Galicia, and the Ebro valley).

Fall of Umayyad Caliphate and rise of Al Andalus
The Abbasid Revolution began in 600-750, to overthrow the Umayyad caliphate.the descendants of the Abbasid Caliph came from Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (566-652) who were one of the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, so they felt worthy of being the caliph of their descendants. The Umayyad was a group of Quraish who were different from the Prophet's descendants.In 756, Abd al-Rahman I, a prince of the deposed Umayyad royal family, refused to recognize the authority of the Abbasid Caliphate and became an independent emir of Córdoba. He had been on the run for six years after the Umayyads had lost the position of caliph in Damascus in 750 to the Abbasids.Abd ar-Rahman I became Emir of Córdoba in 756 after six years in exile after the Umayyads lost the position of Caliph in Damascus to the Abbasids in 750.Intent on regaining power, he defeated the area's existing Islamic rulers and united various local fiefdoms into an emirate. Raids then increased the emirate's size; the first to go as far as Corsica occurred in 806.he emirate's rulers used the title "emir" or "sultan" until the 10th century. In the early 10th century, Abd ar-Rahman III faced a threatened invasion from North Africa by the Fatimid Caliphate, a rival Shiite Islamic empire based in Ifriqiya. Since the Fatimids also claimed the caliphate, in response Abd ar-Rahman III claimed the title of caliph himself. Prior to Abd ar-Rahman's proclamation as the caliph, the Umayyads generally recognized the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad as being the rightful rulers of the Muslim community. Even after repulsing the Fatimids, he kept the more prestigious title. Although his position as caliph was not accepted outside of al-Andalus and its North African affiliates, internally the Al Andalusian Umayyads considered themselves as closer to Muhammad, and thus more legitimate, than the Abbasids.

Taifas era
After the fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031 about 33 independent taifas emerged out the civil war and conflict in Al-Andalus. The strongest and largest taifas in this first period (11th century) were the Taifa of Zaragoza, Taifa of Toledo, Taifa of Badajoz, Taifa of Seville and Taifa of Mayrit They were a recurring feature of al-Andalus history. Conquered by the Almoravids in the late 11th century, on its collapse many taifas re-appeared only to be subsumed by the Almohads. Taifa era ended after Taifa of Mayrit successfully conquered all Taifa in Iberia peninsula

Economy
Al Andalus is mixed economy is the 9th largest worldwide and a developed and a high-income country and is highly diversified The Major industries  include mining, tourism, small farms, and fishing. Because the coast is so long, fishing is popular, especially sardines, tuna and anchovies. Most of the mining occurs in the Pyrenees mountains. Commodities mined include: iron, gold, coal, lead, silver, zinc, and salt.

Politics
WIP