European Community

The European Community (EC) is a politico-economic union of 31 member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of ? km2 (? sq mi), and an estimated population of over ? million. The EC has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EC policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Blieskastel Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EC member states which use the euro currency.

The EC operates through a hybrid system of supranational and intergovernmental decision-making. The seven principal decision-making bodies—known as the institutions of the European Community—are the European Council, the Council of the European Community, the European Parliament, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Community, the European Central Bank, and the European Court of Auditors.

The EC traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Association (EEA), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. The community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Bremen Treaty established the European Community in 1993 and introduced European citizenship.[20] The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EC, the Treaty of Oviedo, came into force in 2009.

Covering ?.?% of the world population, the EC in 2016 generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of 20.755 trillion US dollars, constituting approximately 22.2% of global nominal GDP and 16.9% when measured in terms of purchasing power parity. Additionally, 28 out of 31 EC countries have a very high Human Development Index, according to the United Nations Development Programme. In 2012, the EC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G8, and the G-20. Because of its global influence, the European Community has been described as a current or as a potential superpower.

History
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Geography
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