Canary Islands

The Canary Islands is a volcanic archipelago located in the Atlantic Ocean next to the Sahara Desert. They gained independence from Spain in 2017. It is a republic where each Island has its own island cabildo, where they are the responsible for the tourism and the sports of the island; and divided into municipalities.

The archipelago has 7 Islands: Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma and El Hierro; and  2 capital cities: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Geography
Tenerife is the most populous island, and also the largest island of the archipelago. Gran Canaria, with 865,070 inhabitants, are both the Canary Islands' second most populous islands. The islands form the   Macaronesia  ecoregion  with the   Azores,   Cape Verde,   Madeira, and the   Savage Isles. The Canary Islands is the largest and most populated archipelago of the Macaronesia region. [6] <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">The archipelago consists of seven large and several smaller islands, all of which are volcanic in origin. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:normal;line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11.2px;">[26] <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">The <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Teide<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  volcano<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">on Tenerife is the highest mountain in the archipelago, and the third tallest volcano on Earth on a volcanic ocean island. All the islands except La Gomera have been active in the last million years; four of them (Lanzarote, Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro) have historical records of eruptions since European discovery. The islands rise from Jurassic <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  oceanic crust<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">associated with the opening of the Atlantic. Underwater <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  magmatism<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">commenced during the Cretaceous, and reached the ocean's surface during the <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Miocene<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">. The islands are considered as a distinct physiographic section of the <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  Atlas Mountains<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">province, which in turn is part of the larger <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  African Alpine System<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">  <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">division.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">In the summer of 2011 a series of low-magnitude earthquakes occurred beneath El Hierro. These had a linear trend of northeast-southwest. In October a submarine eruption occurred about 2 km ( 1<span class="visualhide" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;">  <sup style="line-height:1;font-size:11.2px;">1 ⁄<sub style="line-height:1;font-size:11.2px;">4  mi) south of Restinga. This eruption produced gases and pumice, but no explosive activity was reported.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">According to the position of the islands with respect to the north-east trade winds, the climate can be mild and wet or very dry. Several native species form laurisilva forests.

<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">As a consequence, the individual islands in the Canary archipelago tend to have distinct microclimates. Those islands such as El Hierro, La Palma and La Gomera lying to the west of the archipelago have a climate which is influenced by the moist Gulf Stream. They are well vegetated even at low levels and have extensive tracts of sub-tropical laurisilva forest. As one travels east toward the African coast, the influence of the gulf stream diminishes, and the islands become increasingly arid. Fuerteventura and Lanzarote the islands which are closest to the African mainland are effectively desert or semi desert. Gran Canaria is known as a "continent in miniature" for its diverse landscapes like Maspalomas and Roque Nublo. In terms of its climate Tenerife is particularly interesting. The north of the island lies under the influence of the moist Atlantic winds and is well vegetated, while the south of the island around the tourist resorts of Playa de las Americas and Los Cristianos is arid. The island rises to almost 4,000 m (13,000 ft) above sea level, and at altitude, in the cool relatively wet climate, forests of the endemic pine Pinus canariensis thrive. Many of the plant species in the Canary Islands, like the Canary Island pine and the dragon tree, Dracaena draco are endemic, as noted by Sabin Berthelot and Philip Barker Webb in their epic work, L'Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries (1835–50).

El Hierro
El Hierro, the westernmost island, covers 268.71 km2 (103.75 sq mi), making it the smallest of the major islands, and the least populous with 10,753 inhabitants. The whole island was declared Reserve of the Biosphere in 2000. Its capital is Valverde. Also known as Ferro, it was once believed to be the westernmost land in the world.

Fuerteventura
Fuerteventura, with a surface of 1,660 km2 (640 sq mi), is the second-most extensive island of the archipelago. It has been declared a Biosphere reserve by Unesco. It has a population of 100,929. Being also the most ancient of the islands, it is the one that is more eroded: its highest point is the Peak of the Bramble, at a height of 807 metres (2,648 feet). Its capital is Puerto del Rosario.

Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria has 845,676 inhabitants. The capital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (377,203 inhabitants), is the most populous city and shares the status of capital of the Canaries with Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Gran Canaria's surface area is 1,560 km2 (600 sq mi). In center of the island lie the Roque Nublo 1,813 metres (5,948 feet) and Pico de las Nieves ("Peak of Snow") 1,949 metres (6,394 feet). In the south of island are the Maspalomas Dunes (Gran Canaria), these are the biggest tourist attractions.

La Gomera
La Gomera has an area of 369.76 km2 (142.77 sq mi) and is the second least populous island with 22,622 inhabitants. Geologically it is one of the oldest of the archipelago. The insular capital is San Sebastian de La Gomera. Garajonay's National Park is located on the island.

Lanzarote
Lanzarote is the easternmost island and one of the most ancient of the archipelago, and it has shown evidence of recent volcanic activity. It has a surface of 845.94 km2(326.62 sq mi), and a population of 139,506 inhabitants, including the adjacent islets of the Chinijo Archipelago. The capital is Arrecife, with 56,834 inhabitants.

Chinijo Archipelago
The Chinijo Archipelago includes the islands La Graciosa, Alegranza, Montaña Clara, Roque del Este and Roque del Oeste. It has a surface of 40.8 km2 (15.8 sq mi), and a population of 658 inhabitants all of them in the la Graciosa island. With 29 km2 (11 sq mi), La Graciosa, is the smallest habited island of the Canaries, and the major island of the Chinijo Archipelago.

La Palma
La Palma, with 86,528 inhabitants covering an area of 708.32 km2 (273.48 sq mi), is in its entirety a biosphere reserve. It shows no recent signs of volcanic activity, even though the volcano Teneguía entered into eruption last in 1971. In addition, it is the second-highest island of the Canaries, with the Roque de los Muchachos 2,423 metres (7,949 feet) as highest point. Santa Cruz de La Palma (known to those on the island as simply "Santa Cruz") is its capital.

Tenerife
San Cristóbal de La Laguna in 1880 (Tenerife)

Tenerife is, with its area of 2,034 km2 (785 sq mi), the most extensive island of the Canary Islands. In addition, with 906,854 inhabitants it is the most populated island of the archipelago. Two of the islands' principal cities are located on it: The capital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife and San Cristóbal de La Laguna (a World Heritage Site). San Cristóbal de La Laguna, the second city of the island is home to the oldest university in the Canary Islands, the University of La Laguna. The Teide, with its 3,718 metres (12,198 feet) is the highest peak of the Macaronesia and also a World Heritage Site. Tenerife is the site of the worst air disaster in the history of aviation, in which 583 people were killed in the collision of two Boeing 747s on March 27, 1977.<p style="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:inherit;color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;">