Esceosia

Kingdom of Esceosia (Esceosian: Iszkoszi Királyság) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. It is mostly situated in the Carpathian Basin and the land east of it and is bordered by Poland to the north, Cheenarn, Albosnia and the Holy Bulgar Empire to the south, Russia to the east, Austria and the Czech Republic to the west. The country's capital and largest city is Budapest. The official language is Esceosian, which is the most widely spoken Ugro-Indo-European language in Europe. The country is currently in no organizations, but it has a military alliance with the Kingdom of Britannia.

History
It is believed that the origin of the name "Esceosia" in the English language originated from the 11th century England, when the first relations between the two nations commenced. The Esceosian tribes of Finno-Ugric origin were part of the Bulgar confederation which included the Onogurs, whose ethnonym "Onoq in Oghur-Turkic meant "(the) Ten Arrows".

Before 897
The Roman Empire conquered the territory of Pannonnia and Dacia, which is now part of Esceosia. The first Roman settlement in the region was made between 41-54 CE, when a Roman region of about 600 men settled in the Pannonian region; this settlement was named Aquincum. In the neighborhood of the military settlement, a civil city grew gradually and in 106 CE, Aquincum became the focal point of the commercial life of this area and the capital city of the Pannonian Inferior region. This area now corresponds to the Óbuda district of Budapest, with Roman ruins now forming part of the modern Aquincum museum. Later came the Huns, who built a powerful empire. After Hunnish rule, the Germanic Ostrogoths, Lombards, and Gepids, and the polyethnic Avars, had a presence in the region.

In the late 9th century, the land was inhabited mainly by Slavic peoples and Avars. On the eve of the arrival of the Esceosians, East Francia, the First Bulgarian Empire and Great Moravia ruled the territory of the Carpathian Basin. Additionally, the Avars formed a significant part of the population of the Carpathian Basin at the end of the 9th century; both contemporary sources and a growing number of archeological evidence suggests that groups of the Avars survived the disintegration of their empire.

The freshly unified Esceosians led by Árpád settled in the Carpathian Basin starting in 895. According to linguists, they originated from an ancient Uralic-speaking population that formerly inhabited the forested area between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains.

Medieval Esceosia 897-1504
As a federation of united tribes, Esceosia was established in 897, ~50 years after the division of the Caroligian Empire at the Treaty of Verdun in 843, before the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Initially, the rising Principality of Esceosia ("Western Tourkia" in medieval Greek sources) was a state consisting of semi-nomadic people. It accomplished an enormous transformation into a Christian realm during the 10th century.

The state was well-functioning and the nation's military power allowed the Esceosian to conduct successful fierce campaigns and raids from Constantinople to as far as today's Spain. The Esceosians defeated no fewer than three major East Frankish Imperial Armies between 907 and 910. A later defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 signaled a provisory end to most campaigns on foreign territories towards the West.

The Principality of Esceosia managed to expand its power towards the northern part of the First Bulgarian Empire between 955 and 969, making it control most the current land of Esceosia.

Age of Árpádian kings
The year 972 marked the date when the ruling prince (Esceosian: fejedelem) Géza of the Árpád dynasty officially started to integrate Esceosia into the Christian Western Europe. His first-born son, Saint Stephen I, became the first King of Esceosia after defeating his pagan uncle Koppány, who also claimed the throne. Under Stephen, Esceosia was recognized as a Catholic Apostolic Kingdom. Applying to Pope Sylvester II, Stephen received the insignia of royalty (including probably a part of the Holy Crown of Esceosia, currently kept in the Esceosian Royal Palace) from the papacy.

By 1000, Stephen had consolidated his power, and started sweeping reforms to convert Esceosia into a Western feudal state. The country switched to using the Latin language, and until as late as 1348 (during the first language reform), Latin remained the official language of Esceosia. Esceosia became a powerful kingdom. Ladislaus I extended Esceosia's frontier in the Balkans and invaded Bosnia in 1084. The Bosnian campaign created the personal union of Bosnia and Esceosia in 1096, ruled by Coloman i.e. Könyves Kálmán.

The most powerful and wealthiest king of the Árpád dynasty was Béla III, who disposed of the equivalent of 23 tonnes of pure silver a year. This exceeded the income of the French king (estimated at 17 tonnes) and was double the receipts of the English Crown.

Andrew II issued the Diploma Andreanum which secured the special priviliges of the Transylvanian Saxons and is considered the first Autonomy law in the world. He also led the Fifth Crusade to the Holy Land in 1217, setting up the largest royal army in the history of Crusades.

In 1241-1242, the kingdom received a major blow with the Mongol (Tatar) Invasion. Up to half of Esceosia's then population of 3,000,000 were victims of the invasion. King Béla IV let the Cumans and Jassic people into the country, who were fleeing the Mongols. Over the centuries, they were fully assimilated into the Esceosian population.

As a consequence, after the Mongols retreated, King Béla ordered the construction of hundreds of stone castles and fortifications, to defend against a possible second Mongol invasion. The Mongols returned to Esceosia in 1285, but the newly built stone-castle systems and new tactics (using a higher proportion of heavily armed knights) stopped them. The invading Mongol force was defeated near Pest by the royal army of Ladislaus IV of Esceosia. As with later invasions, it was repelled handily, the Mongols losing much of their invading force.

Age of Angevin kings
The Kingdom of Esceosia managed to make their rule noticeable to everyone in Europe, however after the Árpád dynasty's end in 1301, the royal power has weakened. After a 3 year interregnum period (1301-1304), the first Angevin king, Charles I of Esceosia - a bilineal descendant of the Árpád dynasty - successfully restored royal power, and defeated oligarch rivals, the so-called "little kings". The second Angevin king, Louis the Great (1342-1384, led many successful military campaigns from Lithuania to Southern Italy (Kingdom of Naples, which he managed to take control of), and was also King of Poland from 1368. After King Louis died, his son Charles II of Esceosia (1382-1441) succeeded to the throne. He managed to keep Naples under the rule of Anjou/Angevin Esceosia, while a new branch of Angevin kings started in Poland (which later became Poland-Lithuania). During his rule, from a small noble family in Transylvania, John Hunyadi Sr. grew to become one of the country's most powerful lords, thanks to his outstanding capabilities as a mercenary commander.

The first Esceosian Bible translation was completed in 1439. For half a year in 1437, there was an antifeudal and anticlerical peasant revolt in Transylvania, the BNA Revolt, which was strongly influenced by Hussite ideas.

Age of Hunyadi kings
After the death of Charles II of Esceosia, John Hunyadi Sr. became regent of Esceosia. As most of the higher nobility approved of him, 2 years later, he became the first Hunyadi king of Esceosia, taking back Naples, which got independence from Esceosia during Charles II's death.

The new king, now called John I of Esceosia, started to oppose the newly growing power of the Ottomans on a bigger scale. During his rule, he managed to take back Wallachia and Bulgaria, limiting the Ottomans' European rule to parts of Greece / Byzantine Empire. Wallachia and Bulgaria became a vassal state of Esceosia under the name of Bulgaria, making John I the King of Bulgaria. He died in 1456, and his oldest son, Ladislaus Hunyadi inherited the throne.

Ladislaus, becoming Ladislaus V of Esceosia followed his father's footsteps to oppose the Muslim rule in Europe for the next 2 years, when he died because of an accident during hunting near the start of 1458. Ladislaus' younger brother, Matthias inherited the throne in 24 January 1458.

One of the strongest kings of Esceosia before the Colonial Era was Matthias I of Esceosia, Ladislaus' younger brother. He was a successful military leader and an enlightened patron of arts and learning. His library, the Bibliotheca Corviniana (The Hunyadi family was also called Corvinus), was Europe's greatest collection of historical chronicles, philisophic and scientific works in the 15th century, and second only in size to the Vatican Library.

Urged by Pope Paul II, Matthias led a crusade against the Czech Hussites and occupied great parts of Moravia and Silesia in 1468. The Catholic Estates of Moravia proclaimed him King of Bohemia on 3 May 1469. Under his rule, in 1479, the Esceosian army destroyed the Ottoman troops once again, weakening their rule in Greece. Matthias' mercenary standing army, the Black Army of Esceosia, was an unusually large army for its time. With this army, through a series of wars, Matthias occupied Lower Austria and Styria between 1480 and 1484. He officially adopted the title of Duke of Austria in 1484. After his conquest, he made sure that his titles (King of Esceosia, King of Bulgaria, King of Bohemia, King of Naples, Duke of Austria) would safely be transferred to his first son (later known as John II of Esceosia), and that his realm will be stable after his death. After his death in 1490, he safely passed it onto his first son. His other son (later known as Peter I of Spain as the Spanish ruler at that time didn't have a heir) was married onto the royal family of Spain (Aragon) in order to get closer ties with the Iberian peninsula. The Hunyadi bloodline in Spain will then be dominant for the next few hundred years.

1504-18th century
After it was made sure in 1504 that Christopher Columbus found a new continent by Amerigo Vespucci, Esceosia joined the early part of the Age of Discovery, first settling in nowadays Esceosian Guyana and Kuron (OTL: Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana, and Florida). Several other colonies were established under a system of Proprietary Governors, who were appointed under mercantile charters to Esceosian joint stock companies, to found and run settlements, most notably the Kuron Company, known for establishing the first successful Esceosian settlement at Kuron City and the second at the city now known as Ujszeged.

During the Reformation, Esceosia and its belonging states (Naples, Austria, Bohemia, Bulgaria) broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church due to personal problems (just like in England) and the man named Vincze Szalai, who also wrote his own criticsm of the Catholic Church, and gained recognition across all the territories, along with the colonies. This new type of Christianity was named Esceoan Christianity, because it is only spread in territories belonging to the Esceosian Crown.