Nauru

Nauru is a island nation that is located in the Pacific Ocean. It is wholly within the Pacific Ocean.

Continental Discovery
It was annexed by Germans in the late 19th century.

Uses in World War II
Japan captured Nauru in 1930's. But then, before Japan was nuked, America made Japan surrender the land it owned on Nauru. Australia took it from Japan with agreement from the United Nations. Nauru didn't like this.

Independence
Nauru became self-governing in 1966, but two years later in 1968, it became indepedant. As you would've expected, Australia wasn't happy. It became a popular spot to mine becuase of how the Island formed; the special things that popped up when the island formed. As of the time, Nauru was the smallest island nation in the world.

Status Today
Nauru has the lowest population of any official member of the UN.