Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, is an East Asian nation located on the island of Taiwan.

Prehistory
The island of Taiwan was connected to the Asian mainland during the Late Pleistocene period, however was cut off by rising sea levelsin the coming millennia. Humans settled the island at around 6000 BC, most likely farmers from Mainland China.

17th Century and the Kingdom of Tungning
The Dutch East India Company attempted to establish a trading post on the Penghu Islands, but were defeated and driven off by the Ming Dynasty in 1622. In 1626, the Spanish Empire occupied northern Taiwan as a base to extend their trading range. The occupation lasted 16 years until 1642, when the Dutch drove the Spanish out militarily. After the Ming Dynasty fell, the Dutch Empire was expelled by Ming loyalists in 1662, and established the Kingdom of Tungning.

Qing Dynastic Era
The Kingdom of Tungning was defeated by Qing forces in 1683, and formally annexed Taiwan. The French attacked and occupied locations in the island for a brief period, but did not have any lasting consequences.

Rule Under the Japanese Empire and World War II
Defeated in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Qing Dynasty ceded Taiwan to the Empire of Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Following the annexation, 3 unsuccessful revolts against Japanese rule took place, none succeeding, with guerrilla fighting continuing until 1902. Around 1935, Japan began programs to assimilate the population of Taiwan into the Empire proper, suppressing Taiwanese culture and religion while forcing citizens to "be more Japanese".Tens of thousands of Taiwanese soldiers served during World War II, and the island of Taiwan was subject to American bombings.

Republic of China and Communist Uprisings
After World War II, Taiwan was ceded back to the Republic of China. However, it was around this period that the Chinese Civil War reignited, leading to the defeat of the Nationalist Armies and the proclamation of the People's Republic of China. In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek evacuated Nationalist forces to Taiwan and continued operations from there. After losing all mainland provinces to the newly established People's Republic of China, the Republic of China maintained its stance on the status of Chinese provinces as occupied states of the Republic of China, a claim that has existed for decades and as such has been denied by the People's Republic of China.

Republic of China in the Present Day
Currently not a sovereign state as outlined by UN law, recognized by only 19 UN states. Still maintains their claims on the People's Republic of China, as do the claims the People's Republic of China are maintained on the Republic of China.

MSG
Becomes completely recognized by UN observers, UN members, and Non UN members. And now recognizes China as PRC and itself as ROC aka Taiwan.